{"id":26044,"date":"2025-05-14T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/?p=26044"},"modified":"2025-05-13T15:43:22","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T13:43:22","slug":"transformer-un-raspberry-pi-en-routeur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/transformer-un-raspberry-pi-en-routeur\/","title":{"rendered":"Convertir una Raspberry Pi en un router"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En un mundo en el que el control y la seguridad de su red dom\u00e9stica son esenciales, la <strong>Raspberry Pi<\/strong> se impone como una soluci\u00f3n flexible y asequible para crear su propio <strong>router<\/strong>. Tanto si desea segmentar su red, configurar una <strong>VPN<\/strong> o filtrar la publicidad con <strong>Pi-hole<\/strong>, este miniordenador puede sustituir a un router tradicional. Esta gu\u00eda ultracompleta le acompa\u00f1ar\u00e1 desde la instalaci\u00f3n del sistema hasta la configuraci\u00f3n avanzada, optimizando a la vez su contenido para un posicionamiento m\u00e1ximo en Google.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 elegir una Raspberry Pi como router?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coste controlado<\/strong> : una Raspberry Pi 4 cuesta menos que un router de gama alta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flexibilidad de software<\/strong> : Libre elecci\u00f3n entre <strong>OpenWrt<\/strong>, <strong>Raspbian<\/strong>, <strong>Pi-hole<\/strong>, <strong>WireGuard<\/strong>etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>personalizaci\u00f3n avanzada<\/strong> : QoS (calidad de servicio), VLAN, VPN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9co-responsable<\/strong> : bajo consumo el\u00e9ctrico (&lt; 5 W).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Requisitos de hardware y software<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hardware<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Una Raspberry Pi 4 (m\u00ednimo 2 GB de RAM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 tarjeta microSD (16 GB recomendados, clase 10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Una caja ventilada (opcional pero recomendada)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 adaptadores Ethernet USB (si no hay un puerto RJ45 adicional)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n de 5 V\/3 A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Software<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Raspberry Pi OS Lite<\/strong> o <strong>OpenWrt<\/strong> para Raspberry Pi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Etcher<\/strong> (flashage de la microSD)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSH<\/strong> (cliente PuTTY o terminal de macOS\/Linux)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paquetes<\/strong> : dnsmasq, hostapd, iptables, openvpn o wireguard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 1: Instalaci\u00f3n del sistema operativo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Descargue la imagen de <strong>Raspberry Pi OS Lite<\/strong> (o <strong>OpenWrt<\/strong>) desde el sitio oficial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grabe la tarjeta microSD con <strong>Etcher<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Active SSH creando un archivo vac\u00edo llamado <code>ssh<\/code> en la ra\u00edz de la partici\u00f3n <code>boot<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inserte la tarjeta, conecte la alimentaci\u00f3n y con\u00e9ctese por SSH:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nssh pi@192.168.1.100  # mot de passe par d\u00e9faut : raspberry\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 2: Configuraci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica de la red<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Asignar IP est\u00e1ticas<\/strong> en <code>\/etc\/dhcpcd.conf<\/code> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ninterface eth0\nstatic ip_address=192.168.0.1\/24\nnohook wpa_supplicant\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Instalar y configurar dnsmasq<\/strong> (servidor DHCP y DNS) en <code>\/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/code> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ninterface=eth0\ndhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,12h\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Activar el reenv\u00edo IP<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nsudo sed -i &#039;s\/#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1\/net.ipv4.ip_forward=1\/&#039; \/etc\/sysctl.conf\nsudo sysctl -p\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 3: Configuraci\u00f3n del Wi-Fi (opcional)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instale <strong>hostapd<\/strong> : <code>sudo apt install hostapd<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configure <code>\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/code> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ninterface=wlan0\nssid=Mon_Routeur_Pi\nhw_mode=g\nchannel=6\nwpa=2\nwpa_passphrase=MotDePasseUltraSecurise\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indique al daemon este archivo en <code>\/etc\/default\/hostapd<\/code> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nDAEMON_CONF=&quot;\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf&quot;\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reinicie los servicios:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nsudo systemctl enable hostapd dnsmasq\nsudo systemctl restart hostapd dnsmasq\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 4: Seguridad y optimizaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cortafuegos iptables<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nsudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE\nsudo iptables-save | sudo tee \/etc\/iptables.ipv4.nat\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Configuraci\u00f3n de Pi-hole<\/strong> (filtrado de publicidad):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instale con:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncurl -sSL https:\/\/install.pi-hole.net | bash\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desactive el dnsmasq interno y conserve el suyo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>VPN WireGuard<\/strong> para un acceso remoto seguro:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>sudo apt install wireguard<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genere las claves p\u00fablicas\/privadas, configure <code>\/etc\/wireguard\/wg0.conf<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Active e inicie el servicio:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nsudo systemctl enable wg-quick@wg0\nsudo systemctl start wg-quick@wg0\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convertir su Raspberry Pi en router es a la vez asequible y did\u00e1ctico. Gana control, seguridad y personalizaci\u00f3n para su red dom\u00e9stica. No dude en adaptar cada paso a sus necesidades espec\u00edficas (VPN, VLAN, filtrado). Para art\u00edculos complementarios, descubra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/acceder-a-son-raspberry-pi-de-nimporte-ou-grace-a-tailscale\/\">Instalar una VPN en Raspberry Pi<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/pi-hole-sur-raspberry-pi-une-solution-de-blocage-publicitaire\/\">Gu\u00eda avanzada de Pi-hole<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Dans un monde o\u00f9 le contr\u00f4le et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de votre r\u00e9seau domestique sont essentiels, le Raspberry Pi s\u2019impose comme une solution flexible et abordable pour cr\u00e9er votre propre routeur. Que vous souhaitiez segmenter votre r\u00e9seau, mettre en place un VPN ou filtrer les publicit\u00e9s avec Pi-hole, ce mini-ordinateur peut remplacer un routeur traditionnel. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26045,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[293],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Transformer-un-Raspberry-Pi-en-routeur.png",791,445,false],"list":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Transformer-un-Raspberry-Pi-en-routeur.png",463,260,false],"medium":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Transformer-un-Raspberry-Pi-en-routeur-300x169.png",300,169,true],"full":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Transformer-un-Raspberry-Pi-en-routeur.png",1920,1080,false]},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Transformer-un-Raspberry-Pi-en-routeur.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26044\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}