{"id":26560,"date":"2025-05-29T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/?p=26560"},"modified":"2025-06-11T10:48:30","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T08:48:30","slug":"quelle-est-la-consommation-electrique-dun-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/quelle-est-la-consommation-electrique-dun-raspberry-pi\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle est la consommation \u00e9lectrique d’un Raspberry Pi ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Du serveur auto-h\u00e9berg\u00e9 \u00e0 la station de d\u00e9veloppement IA, le Raspberry Pi<\/strong> est partout. Mais combien d\u2019\u00e9nergie consomme r\u00e9ellement chaque mod\u00e8le ? Quelles options logicielles ou mat\u00e9rielles permettent de gagner des watts ? Cet article r\u00e9unit les mesures ind\u00e9pendantes les plus r\u00e9centes, un tableau comparatif<\/strong> exhaustif et des conseils d\u2019optimisation<\/strong> test\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tableau comparatif des consommations (hors p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Model<\/th>Idle (W)<\/th>Charge max. (W)<\/th>\u201cUsage moyen\u201d* (W)<\/th>kWh\/an**<\/th>Co\u00fbt\/an*** (\u20ac)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Raspberry Pi 5<\/td>2,4 \u2013 3,3<\/td>9 \u2013 10<\/td>4,0<\/strong><\/td>35,0<\/td>8,1<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi 4 B<\/td>2,5 \u2013 3,4<\/td>6 \u2013 7,6<\/td>3,5<\/strong><\/td>30,7<\/td>7,0<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi 3 B+<\/td>1,9<\/td>5,1<\/td>2,8<\/strong><\/td>24,5<\/td>5,6<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi Zero W<\/td>0,5<\/td>1,1<\/td>0,7<\/strong><\/td>6,1<\/td>1,4<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W<\/td>0,6<\/td>1,5<\/td>0,8<\/strong><\/td>7,0<\/td>1,6<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi 500<\/td>2,6<\/td>6,4<\/td>3,5<\/strong><\/td>30,7<\/td>7,0<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi 400<\/td>1,5<\/td>6,5<\/td>2,5<\/strong><\/td>21,9<\/td>5,0<\/td><\/tr>
Compute Module 4<\/td>2,0<\/td>7,0<\/td>3,0<\/strong><\/td>26,3<\/td>6,0<\/td><\/tr>
Compute Module 5<\/td>2,65<\/td>8,0<\/td>3,5<\/strong><\/td>30,7<\/td>7,0<\/td><\/tr>
Raspberry Pi Pico 2<\/td>0,027<\/td>0,071<\/td>0,05<\/strong><\/td>0,44<\/td>0,10<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

*Usage moyen : mix veille l\u00e9g\u00e8re \/ petites pointes CPU typique d\u2019un serveur domestique.
**kWh\/an = W \u00d7 24 h \u00d7 365 \/ 1 000.
***Tarif moyen France mai 2025 : 0,23 \u20ac\/kWh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Zoom sur chaque mod\u00e8le<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 Raspberry Pi 5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Veille headless (r\u00e9vision D0 2 Go)<\/strong> : \u2248 2,4 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Veille typique 4\u20138 Go<\/strong> : 2,7 \u2013 3 W ; stress-ng 4 c\u0153urs<\/strong> : 9 \u2013 10 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • NVMe sur l\u2019adaptateur PCIe : +0,3 \u2013 1,5 W ; ventilateur officiel : +0,2 W, mais \u00e9vite tout throttle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • arm_freq_min=500<\/code> ou d\u00e9sactivation du bus PCIe : \u20130,5 W en idle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    1.2 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Idle<\/strong> : 2,47 W (firmware 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Charge extr\u00eame<\/strong> : 6,8 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • +0,6 W par port USB 3 satur\u00e9 ; +0,9 W pour deux HDMI 4K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      1.3 Raspberry Pi 3 B+<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Idle Wi-Fi actif<\/strong> : 1,9 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Charge CPU<\/strong> : 5 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Couper Wi-Fi\/BLE ou l\u2019interface ETH r\u00e9duit d\u2019env. 0,2 \u2013 0,4 W<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        1.4 Raspberry Pi Zero W<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Idle Wi-Fi<\/strong> : 0,6 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Pic avec cam\u00e9ra ou trafic WLAN<\/strong> : 1,0 \u2013 1,1 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • tvservice -o<\/code> (HDMI off) + radio off : < 0,5 W.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          1.5 Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Idle Bullseye<\/strong> : 0,6 W (120 mA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Stress 4 c\u0153urs<\/strong> : \u2248 3 W ; charge courante : 1,5 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • D\u00e9sactiver 3 c\u0153urs (maxcpus=1<\/code>) divise l\u2019idle par deux<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            1.6 Raspberry Pi 500 (Pi 5 \u201call-in-keyboard\u201d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Idle bureau<\/strong> : 5 \u2013 5,5 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Stress-ng 30 min<\/strong> : \u2248 7 W, sans throttle<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • R\u00e9tro-\u00e9clairage clavier : +0,3 W ; USB 3 actif : +0,4 W.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              1.7 Raspberry Pi 400<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Idle headless<\/strong> : 1,5 W ; avec double HDMI : \u2248 3 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Stress OC 2,2 GHz<\/strong> : 6,5 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Le gros dissipateur interne explique le silence malgr\u00e9 l\u2019OC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                1.8 Compute Module 4 (CM4)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Idle<\/strong> : 400 mA @ 5 V \u2248 2 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Charge typique<\/strong> : 1,4 A \u2248 7 W (hors p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Tirer GLOBAL_EN<\/code> \u00e0 0 pendant les plages d\u2019arr\u00eat : < 15 \u00b5A.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  1.9 Compute Module 5 (CM5)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Idle<\/strong> : 400 mA \u2248 2 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Charge courante<\/strong> : 900 mA \u2248 4,5 W<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • PMIC_EN=0<\/code> : 1,3 \u00b5A ; PCIe Gen 3 actif peut ajouter > 1 W.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    1.10 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 (RP2350)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • USB-boot idle<\/strong> : 27 mW<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • CoreMark (1 c\u0153ur)<\/strong> : 47 mW<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Deep-sleep P1.7<\/strong> : 0,74 mW<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Mettre la broche RUN<\/code> \u00e0 0 ou SMPS en PFM pour tomber sous 1 mW.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      2. Ce qui fait varier la consommation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      1. Charge CPU\/GPU<\/strong> : plus le SoC tourne vite, plus les r\u00e9gulateurs montent en tension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      2. Peripherals<\/strong> : SSD NVMe, USB 3.0 aliment\u00e9, cam\u00e9ras CSI ajoutent 0,5 \u00e0 2 W.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      3. Network<\/strong> : Wi-Fi 5 GHz \u2248 +250 mW, Ethernet PoE \u2248 +500 mW.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      4. Tension d\u2019alimentation<\/strong> : une alimentation inefficace (rendement 70 %) gaspille jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 W.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      5. Temperature<\/strong> : au-del\u00e0 de 80 \u00b0C, le SoC throttle, rallonge les t\u00e2ches et donc l\u2019\u00e9nergie totale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      6. Firmware & kernel<\/strong> : mises \u00e0 jour 2024-2025 ont r\u00e9duit l\u2019idle des Pi 5\/CM5 de 10-15 %<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                        3. 12 techniques pour optimiser (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 \u201360 %)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        Astuce<\/th>Gain potentiel<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                        dtoverlay=disable-wifi,disable-bt<\/code><\/td>\u20130,3 W<\/td><\/tr>
                        hdmi_blanking=2<\/code> (couper HDMI)<\/td>\u20130,4 W<\/td><\/tr>
                        Sous-cadencer<\/strong> (arm_freq=1200<\/code>)<\/td>\u20130,6 W<\/td><\/tr>
                        Activer POWER_OFF_ON_HALT=1<\/strong> (Pi 4\/5)<\/td>\u20130,2 W au repos<\/td><\/tr>
                        Utiliser l\u2019alim USB-C 27 W officielle (rendement 88 %)<\/td>\u20130,3 W vs bloc g\u00e9n\u00e9rique<\/td><\/tr>
                        Planificateur cron pour arr\u00eater les d\u00e9mons inutiles<\/td>\u20130,2 W<\/td><\/tr>
                        Active ventilation<\/strong> : maintient le SoC < 60 \u00b0C \u2192 moins de throttle \u2192 dur\u00e9e de calcul r\u00e9duite<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
                        Night-sleep<\/strong> : rtcwake -m mem -s 28800<\/code><\/td>quasi 0 W la nuit<\/td><\/tr>
                        Passer en SSD NVMe suspendu<\/strong> (nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=250<\/code>)<\/td>\u20130,4 W<\/td><\/tr>
                        GPIO power rails<\/strong> coup\u00e9s sur CM4\/CM5 (GLOBAL_EN<\/code>)<\/td>\u20138 mA (<0,05 W)<\/td><\/tr>
                        Sur Pico 2 : states P1.0 \u2192 P1.7<\/td><1 mW<\/td><\/tr>
                        Mesurer & ajuster avec un wattm\u00e8tre USB-C<\/strong><\/td>Contr\u00f4le en temps r\u00e9el<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                        4. Calculer votre propre facture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                        La formule :<\/p>\n\n\n

                        \nCo\u00fbt (\u20ac) = (Puissance moyenne en W \u00d7 Heures) \u00f7 1000 \u00d7 Tarif (\u20ac\/kWh)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
                        Exemple avec un Raspberry Pi 5<\/strong> serveur 24 \/ 7 \u00e0 4 W :
                        (4 \u00d7 24 \u00d7 365) \/ 1000 \u00d7 0,23 \u20ac \u2248 8,1 \u20ac\/an<\/code> (voir tableau).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                        Pour un parc de 10 Pi 5, l\u2019optimisation de \u20131 W par carte \u00e9conomise >20 \u20ac\/an<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                        Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        Que vous visiez l\u2019edge-computing, l\u2019IoT ou un simple mediacenter, ma\u00eetriser la consommation<\/strong> de votre Raspberry Pi est doublement gagnant : facture r\u00e9duite et empreinte carbone minimis\u00e9e. Gr\u00e2ce aux chiffres 2024-2025 et aux techniques ci-dessus, vous pouvez choisir le mod\u00e8le ad\u00e9quat, dimensionner l\u2019alimentation et configurer votre syst\u00e8me pour atteindre le meilleur ratio performance\/Watt<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                        Compare the power consumption of the Raspberry Pi 5, 4, 3, Zero (W\/2W), 500, 400, CM4\/CM5, Pico 2; tips for reducing watts and your bill.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-produits"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Consommation-des-Raspberry-Pi.png",791,445,false],"list":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Consommation-des-Raspberry-Pi.png",463,260,false],"medium":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Consommation-des-Raspberry-Pi-300x169.png",300,169,true],"full":["https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Consommation-des-Raspberry-Pi.png",1280,720,false]},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Consommation-des-Raspberry-Pi.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26560\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monraspberry.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}